An In-Depth Review of Star Reading Assessment Program

An In-Depth Review of Star Reading Assessment Program Star Reading is an online evaluation program created by Renaissance Learning for understudies regularly in grades K-12. The program utilizes a mix of the cloze strategy and customary perusing understanding entries to survey forty-six perusing aptitudes across eleven spaces. The program is utilized to decide a student’s by and large perusing level just as recognize an understudies singular qualities and shortcomings. The program is intended to give educators singular understudy information, rapidly and precisely. It commonly takes an understudy 10â€15 minutes to finish an appraisal, and reports are accessible promptly upon consummation. The appraisal comprises of around thirty inquiries. Understudies are tried on fundamental understanding abilities, writing segments, perusing enlightening content, and language. Understudies have one moment to respond to each address before the program consequently moves them to the following inquiry. The program is versatile, so the trouble will increment or reduction dependent on how an understudy performs. Highlights of Star Reading It is anything but difficult to set up and use. Star Reading is a Renaissance Learning program. This is significant supposing that you have Accelerated Reader, Accelerated Math, or any of the other Star appraisals, you just need to do the set up one time. Including understudies and building classes is fast and simple. You can include a class of around twenty understudies and have them fit to be surveyed in around 15 minutes.It relates with Accelerated Reader. Numerous schools the nation over utilize Accelerated Reader. To amplify the impact of Accelerated Reader, understudies ought to be restricted to books that correspond to their particular Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). Star Reading gives educators each student’s individual ZPD that would then be able to be gone into the Accelerated Reader program to constrain understudies to books that won't be excessively simple or excessively hard for them to read.It is simple for understudies to utilize. The interface is plain and direct. This limits the odds for an understudy to be diverted. Understudies have two options while noting the numerous decision style questions. They can utilize their mouse and snap on the right decision, or they can utilize the A, B, C, D keys that connect to the right answer. Understudies are not secured in their answer until they click straightaway or push the Enter key. Each question is on a one-minute clock. At the point when an understudy has fifteen seconds staying, a little clock will start to streak at the highest point of the screen, telling them that time is going to lapse for that question. It gives instructors an apparatus to handily screen and progress screen understudies who need understanding intercession. Star Reading accompanies a screening and progress screen apparatus that permits educators to set objectives and screen a student’s progress as they move consistently. This simple to-utilize include permits instructors to rapidly and precisely choose whether they have to change their methodology with a specific understudy or keep doing what they are doing.It has a versatile appraisal bank. The program has a broad appraisal bank that permits understudies to be evaluated on different occasions without seeing a similar inquiry. What's more, the program adjusts to the understudy as they answer questions. On the off chance that an understudy is performing admirably, at that point the inquiries will progressively turn out to be increasingly troublesome. On the off chance that they are battling, the inquiries will get simpler. The program will in the end focus in o n the student’s right level. Helpful Reports Star Reading is intended to give instructors helpful data that will drive their instructional practices. It gives educators a few valuable reports intended to help with focusing on which understudies need mediation and what regions they need help with. Here are four key reports accessible through the program and a concise clarification of each: Demonstrative: This report gives the most data about an individual understudy. It offers data, for example, the student’s grade equal, percentile rank, assessed oral understanding familiarity, scaled score, instructional understanding level, and zone of proximal turn of events. It additionally gives tips to amplify that individual’s perusing growth.Growth: This report shows the development of a gathering of understudies over a particular timeframe. This timeframe is adaptable from half a month to months, to even development throughout a few years.Screening: This report furnishes educators with a chart that subtleties whether they are above or beneath their benchmark as they are evaluated consistently. This report is valuable in such a case that understudies are falling underneath the imprint, at that point the educator needs to change their methodology ​with that student.Summary: This report gives instructors entire gathering test results for a particular test da te or range. This is exceptionally valuable for contrasting different understudies one after another. Applicable Terminology Scaled Score (SS) -The scaled score is figured dependent on the trouble of the inquiries too of the quantity of inquiries that were right. Star Reading utilizes a scale scope of 0â€1400. This score can be utilized to contrast understudies with one another just as themselves over time.Percentile Rank (PR) - The percentile rank permits understudies to be contrasted with different understudies broadly that are in a similar level. For instance, an understudy who scores in the 77th percentile scores superior to 76% of understudies in their evaluation however lower than 23% of understudies in their grade.Grade Equivalent (GE) - The evaluation proportionate speaks to how an understudy performs contrasted with different understudies broadly. For instance, a fifth-grade understudy who scores an evaluation likeness 8.3 scores just as an understudy who is in the eighth grade and third month.Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) - This is the scope of meaningfulness which an understudy ought t o be required to choose books. Perusing in this range furnishes understudies with the ideal chance to augment understanding development. Books at this level are not very simple or excessively hard for the understudy to peruse. ATOS -An intelligibility recipe that utilizations normal sentence length, normal word length, jargon grade level, and the quantity of words to figure the general trouble of a book. In general Star Reading is a generally excellent perusing evaluation program, particularly in the event that you as of now utilize the Accelerated Reader program. Its best highlights are that it is fast and simple to use for instructors and understudies, and reports can be produced right away. The evaluation depends a lot on cloze understanding sections. A really precise perusing evaluation would utilize an increasingly adjusted and thorough methodology. Be that as it may, Star is an extraordinary snappy screening instrument to distinguish battling perusers or individual understanding qualities. There are better evaluations accessible regarding top to bottom indicative appraisals, however Star perusing will give you a speedy preview of where an understudy is at any given point. Overall, we give this program 3.5 out of 5 stars, basically on the grounds that the evaluation itself isn’t sufficiently wide and there are times where consistency and precision are of concern.

E learning Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

E learning - Thesis Example The individuals in the nation for the most part follow the way of life of Sunni Muslims, which legitimately takes after with Islamic qualities and convictions. The economy of the nation has additionally been on a ceaseless development binge throughout the years attributable to the estimable development in the business segment. E-learning has been a specific space that has centered towards actualizing web as methods for instructing individuals. In Saudi Arabia, the administration is to a great extent centered towards utilizing web widely in the essential instructive area. The expansion in web in scholarly reason has been seen from the year 2007 in Saudi Arabia. Its utilization can be imagined in essential just as auxiliary instructive segment of the nation. The discoveries of the examination were esteemed to be in arrangement with the foreordained targets of the exploration study which are additionally talked about in detail hereunder. The examination has certain foreordained inquiries that should be addressed dependent on the necessities of the investigation. It is very obvious that the exploration study has been led with the aim of delineating the issues of e-learning in Saudi Arabia particularly in the space of grade schools. The examination study has additionally planned for portraying the effect of both budgetary and specialized issues with respect to the development of the instructive area in Saudi Arabia particularly in the space of essential government funded schools of the country. The targets of this specific research study have been given in detail hereunder. The goal of this specific research study is to decide the boundaries experienced by essential state funded schools in Saudi Arabia while receiving e-learning. In light of this goal, a few research questions are encircled beneath: So as to give complete arrangement of answers to the examination addresses encircled above, appropriate arrangement of research targets have been found out in this specific research study. Be that as it may,

High levels of corruption limit investment and growth and lead to Essay - 1

Elevated levels of defilement limit venture and development and lead to insufficient government. Talk about concerning solid models - Essay Example iciency is being pushed at all levels ÃŽ ¿f .the world viewpoint has now changed from the food ÃŽ ¿f managed economies to an advancement ÃŽ ¿f the world economy. It is in such manner that defilement, a moderately new marvel is increasing far reaching significance in monetary circles. What recognizes defilement from different indictors is basically the way that it is non-quantifiable idea. While measures ÃŽ ¿f development, training and access to wellbeing offices are effectively accessible, it is amazingly hard to really evaluate the level ÃŽ ¿f underhand dealings in an economy. The need ÃŽ ¿f solid data makes any debasement measure to a great extent defenseless to inclinations and subjectivity. To expand is, contingent upon the definition ÃŽ ¿f defilement for any single economy. Our task is planned for deferring the issues experienced in grasping the specific nature ÃŽ ¿f the connection among defilement and monetary turn of events. With this impact .we have endeavored to do the accompanying: * Present a hypothetical structure where to see the impact ÃŽ ¿f defilement on development; we have introduced explained rundowns for satisfactory hypotheses about debasement. Simultaneously we have dared to figure our own theories about the defilement advancement relationship. * Test the hypothetical base for exact legitimacy; By leading a cross-sectional investigation we endeavored to observe the viable hugeness ÃŽ ¿f debasement. For the reason ÃŽ ¿f the best we planned our own model ÃŽ ¿f monetary turn of events, utilizing both hypothesis and applicable econometric instruments. In the wake ÃŽ ¿f this we have dismissed and acknowledged a few hypotheses. Our examination has additionally familiar us with financial connections which diverge from our fundamental investigation however which are by and by instructing. We had the option to recognize an exceptionally fascinating relationship whereby debasement was seen as more pertinent to financial improvement than to monetary development, prompting the end that maybe the level ÃŽ ¿f lease - looking for in

Violence in A Tale of Two Cities - Literature Essay Samples

The storming of the Bastille, the death carts with their doomed human cargo, the swift drop of the guillotine blade this is the French Revolution that Charles Dickens vividly captures in his famous novel, A Tale of Two Cities. With dramatic eloquence, he brings to life a time of terror and treason, a starving people rising in frenzy and hate to overthrow a corrupt and decadent regime. Dickens not only captures the brutality and corruption of this period, but gives insight into what propelled the death and destruction. Through the hostility between the French aristocrats and the peasants, Dickens highlights the principal that violence perpetuates even more violence, until the sinister chain eventually exhausts itself.The oppression of the French people by the ruling class in the eighteenth century is an infamous time in history. During this time, the aristocrats had no respect for the less fortunate of their nation. Dickens illustrates the aristocratic attitude toward the peasants wi th Dr. Charles Mannetts account of how one aristocrat treated his servant who failed to answer the door in a pleasing amount of time.It [the door] was not opened immediately, in answer to the ringing of the bell and one of my two conductors struck the man who opened it, with his heavy riding-glove, across the face. There was nothing in this action to attract my particular attention, for I had seen common people treated more commonly than dogs.This quotation shows how the poor were looked down upon by the rich. The wealthy treated the poor like dogs instead of people.Dickens also uses the Marquis Evremonde to give a similar portrait of the aristocracy as elitist. The Marquis orders his carriage to be raced through the city streets, delighting to see the commoners nearly run down by horses. All at once, however, the carriage comes to a stop with a sickening little jolt. A child lies dead under its wheels. The Marquis displays no sympathy for Gaspard, the father of the boy whom his c arriage crushes. Rather, he believes that his noble blood justifies his malicious treatment of his lower-class subjects. Dickens says that the Marquis views the commoner as mere rats come out of their holes (101). In tossing the coins to Gaspard, he aims merely to buy his way out of the predicament and rid his own conscience of the nuisance of Gaspards grief. He wholeheartedly believes that it is the commoners lot in life to struggle. The nobles treatment of the common people was so abominable that Ernest Defarge comforts Gaspard by telling him, It is better for the poor little plaything to die so, than to live. It has died in a moment without pain. Could it have lived an hour as happily? (101).The Marquis blatant cruelty and antipathy spurred Gaspard to seek vengeance by any means necessary. Gaspard believed that the best way to accomplish this was to murder his sons killer. This vengeful cycle is further perpetuated by Gaspards execution and then by a group of revolutionaries who called themselves the Jacquarie, who vow to avenge Gaspards death. This new revenge was to take the shape of the extermination of the remaining members of the Marquis family, and the destruction of his castle. The group fulfilled their vow. They killed who they thought was the son of the Marquis, and they destroyed his estate. So, a chain of violence that begins with one murder multiplies until it ends with the destruction of a castle and the death of four human beings.The masses of oppressed Frenchman, having had all these forcefully repressive and sadistic acts put upon them, reacted in a way the shows precisely Dickens message: the people of France rebelled. Their first reciprocal act of violence was the storming of the Bastille, a prison in Paris that contained all the political enemies of the French crown. The mob, seeing this as the symbol of their repression, struck out at it in an unforgettable frenzy. [A] forest of naked arms all the fingers convulsively clutching at ever y weapon or semblance of a weapon that was thrown up (198). cannon, muskets, fire and smoke flashing weapons, blazing torches (200). This was the scene at the storming of the Bastille, the culmination of the aggressive acts that had been inflicted on the poor. The aristocrats violent actions begot the violent actions of the peasants. The storming of the Bastille, which was the beginning of the French Revolution, was the repercussion of the bloodshed and starvation caused by the upper-class.Throughout the revolution, one harrowing figure stood out among the mob as the most evil of them all: Madame Defarge. In the storming of the Bastille she was very active, and armed alike in hunger and revenge (200). Madame Defarge had no qualms about using these most sinister instruments when the opportunity came. After the governor had been killed by the mob, and lay dead upon the street, she put her foot upon his neck, and with her cruel knife long ready she hewed off his head (203). Evidentl y, Madame Defarge had no problem with carrying out such a gruesome act. Madame Defarge also had a personal vendetta to fulfill in the revolution. Her brother, sister, and her sisters husband had been killed by Marquis Evremonde. Even after the Marquis murder, she was determined to kill his entire line which included Charles Darney, his wife Lucie, and their daughter. However, Madame Defarges quest for vengeance ultimately ends in her own death. The chain that began with the murder of Madame Defarges family was continued by Madame Defarges acts of violent retribution, and eventually culminated in Madame Defarges own death. Three major events link together into a series of death, violence, destruction.In conclusion, in A Tale of Two Cities it is obvious that Dickens deeply sympathizes with the plight of the French peasants by emphasizing the cruelty inflicted upon them. Although Dickens condemns this oppression, he also condemns the peasants strategies in overcoming it. For in fightin g cruelty with cruelty, the peasants only perpetuate the violence that they themselves have suffered. Dickens most concise view of revolution comes in the final chapter, in which he notes the slippery slope from the oppressed to the oppressor: Sow the same seed of rapacious license and oppression over again, and it will surely yield the same fruit according to its kind. (347) Though Dickens sees the French Revolution as a great symbol of transformation and resurrection, he emphasizes that its violent means were ultimately negating.

Essay on Fahrenheit 451 Sybolism of Fire - 646 Words

The Symbolism of Fire Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, is a novel filled with many symbols. The symbolism used in this novel varies from different animals to things in nature. One of the biggest symbols throughout the novel is fire. Fire has multiple meanings in Fahrenheit 451, and is usually symbolized as something to be feared. Throughout the novel, fire is something that people do not want, even though it can be so much more than a bad thing. Fire can represent knowledge and awareness, rebirth and construction, as well as destruction. Fire is depicted, throughout history, as a symbol of knowledge and awareness. Fire is usually a symbol that appears in novels right at a time when the main character has an epiphany or realizes†¦show more content†¦It is said in ancient Greek and Roman mythology that burning the body helps the soul to be purified and pass on to the afterlife. Though fire can represent knowledge and rebirth, it is mainly depicted as a destructive force. In the novel fire is used to burn books which are knowledge. By burning this knowledge the society was kept in a confined situation where the amount of knowledge in everyone is evenly distributed. â€Å"It was a pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed. (Bradbury 3)† This quotation shows Montag’s feelings towards burning in the beginning of the novel. Fire destroyed the books. Fire destroyed homes. Fire destroyed the light in everyone. The fire was not only used to destroy things but it kept the people of society in line. The fire may have been represented as a disciplinary tool. By having a constant source of the fire, people had fear distilled in them from the start. This made them subconsciously obedient even though they seemed to be insubordinate. The overall theme of fire in Fahrenheit 451 is a feeling of destruction. With the right surroundings and intentions it was used for so much more than that. It was used as a way to exhibit knowledge. Above all, though the depiction of destruction is very influential, and the representation of knowledge is somewhat there, the most important symbolism of fire in the novel

Demand Curve and Supply Curve - 2333 Words

Literature Review Demand and supply have been generalized to explain macroeconomic variables in a market economy. The Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply model is the most direct application of supply and demand to macroeconomics. Compared to microeconomic uses of demand and supply, different theoretical considerations apply to such macroeconomic counterparts as aggregate demand and aggregate supply. The AD-AS or Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply model is a macroeconomic model that explains price level and output through the relationship of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. It is based on the theory of John Maynard Keynes presented in his work â€Å"The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money†. It is one of the primary simplified†¦show more content†¦The vertical axis is the price level. The horizontal axis is output or income. The short-run aggregate supply curve is downward sloping with slope equal to (1/a) while the long-run aggregate supply curve is vertical with no sl ope. The reason that the short-term aggregate supply curve is upward sloping is a bit more complex. Factors that determine the slope of AD-AS curve model The slope of AD curve reflects the extent to which the real balances change the equilibrium level of spending, taking both assets and goods markets into consideration. An increase in real balances will lead to a larger increase in equilibrium income and spending, the smaller the interest responsiveness of money demand and the higher the interest responsiveness of investment demand. An increase in real balances leads to a larger level of income and spending, the larger the value of multiplier and the smaller the income response of money demand.This implies that the AD curve is flatter, smaller is the interest responsiveness of the demand for money and larger is the interest responsiveness of investment demand. Also, the AD curve is flatter; the larger is the multiplier and the smaller the income responsiveness of the demand for money. We know that aggregate demand is comprised of C(Y - T) + I(r) + G + NX(e) = Y. Thus, a decrease in any one of these terms will leadShow MoreRelatedDeman d Curve, Supply Curve Equilibrium. The Demand Curve995 Words   |  4 PagesDemand Curve, Supply Curve Equilibrium The demand curve can be shown in a graph and it reflects the relationship between the price and amount of a commodity that people are able and willing to buy at a set price. The demand curve slopes downward because are more prone to buying a good as the price declines. 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This is called theRead MoreDemand Curve And The Supply Curve2004 Words   |  9 PagesIf we draw a Demand-Supply curve, the point where the demand curve and the supply curve meet is the market equilibrium which is the price at which quantity supplied equals quantity demanded. In this question, the equilibrium price is $20 and equilibrium quantity is 3, here at equilibrium price, the number of sellers and number of buyers are same which is 3, so there is no pressure for price to change. But if it is $24, the quantity demanded is less than the quantity supplied so there will be excessRead MoreThe Supply And Demand Curve951 Words   |  4 PagesA shift on the supply and demand curve will subsequently effect pricing, an example of this is the increase of coffee supply in 1998. Using data collected by the ICO, it is found that supply of coffee increased from 99,550 (in thousand 60 kg bags) in 1997/8 to 108,858 (in thousand 60 kg bags) in 1998/9. This can be explained due to an increase in suppliers with the addition of Yemen, Guyana and Loa, this will affect total production by increasing coffee producing countries, whilst simultaneouslyRead MoreSupply and Demand and Demand Curve2892 Words   |  12 Pagesrate of 3%? Answer: P = $40/(0.05 - 0.03) = $40/0.02 = $2,000 Topic 2: Supply and Demand 1) Suppose that the demand for oranges increase. Explain the long -run effects of the guiding function of price in this scenario. Answer: In the long run, the higher price of oranges will signal more firms to enter the orange market, as it will seem more profitable than some other markets. As firms enter, supply increases, causing the price to fall relative to the short-run price and quantityRead MoreSupply and Demand and Demand Curve1340 Words   |  6 Pages1. Suppose there are 100 consumers with identical individual demand curves. When the price of a movie ticket is $8, the quantity demanded for each person is 5. When the price is $4, the quantity demanded for each person is 9. Assuming the law of demand holds, which of the following choices is the most likely quantity demanded in the market when the price is $6? Explain and show calculations, While the question asks of the choices given what the quantity demanded will be, there are no choicesRead MoreSupply and Demand and Demand Curve1832 Words   |  8 Pagesis discrimination against them in other areas of the city. Rents paid are a very high percent of peoples’ incomes. (a) Would the demand for apartments in this area be relatively inelastic or relatively elastic? State why. (b) Would the supply of apartments in this area be relatively inelastic or relatively elastic? State why. 1 (c) Draw the demand and supply curves as you have described them, showing the initial equilibrium price and quantity. Label carefully. 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The Uber’s pricing that would be discussed is their surge price, because this volatile pricing will impact their demand within their limited supply of drivers, and important factor to survive from the competition between other transportationsRead MoreLaissez-faire: Supply and Demand and Demand Curve2886 Words   |  12 Pagesfor a large number of small private enterprises. Production and management strategies are made ​​by private capitalists according to changing in market supply and demand. Private capitalists are free to participate or exit the economic activity of any of industries. The form of price is spontaneous in market. It shows the change of supply and demand, it can distribute the scarce resources to producers, and also distributes goods and services to consumers. Consumer rights Consumers are the main part

Benefits of Compensation-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Importance and Benefits of Compensation. Answer: Introduction: An organization can only remain strong if the members of that organization participate in their role behavior effectively and necessarily. To motivate the members to contribute effectively, an organization have to provide them with inducements. This transaction process is the heart of the employee-employer relationship. From the perspective of cost management, managing the compensation effectively is often a critical process for the managers (Edmans 2012). Compensation can be referred to all the benefits, financial return and the services an employee receives from the management of the organization as a part of the employee-management relationship (Flood 2017). They might receive pay directly as cash wages and incentives, or they by indirect benefit from the services such as pensions, health insurance and paid time off. There are many programs, which distribute the compensation to the employees and one employer can use more than one program. Compensation can be regarded as one of the most complex disciplines in the talent management field or human resources. The manager who handles the compensation issues requires the knowledge of employment trends, job valuation and the adaptability of the job in various financial conditions (Bryant and Allen 2013). In this critical analysis of the need of benefits and compensation for the development and growth of company and the employee both is going to be discussed. The aim of the report is to focus about the issues the mangers of any organization faces regarding the compensation of the employees. The discussion will include the role of managers to control and motivate the employees for their development and the efficiency of different wages will be discussed. further, the type of compensations and benefits provided to the employees in the context of the Singapore will be discussed in details. Discussion: Efficiency wages of the employees: Pay level can be described as the average compensation paid by any firm, which is similar with their competitors. When an organization sets its pay level, the organization sets its cost to produce a certain level of output. There are many companies who pays their employees efficiency wages. There are four levels of mechanism by which the companies pays their employees the efficiency wages, namely, sorting, turnover, shrinking and gift exchange (Weiss 2014). Sorting is whenever a company pays higher rates to some higher ability employees. Turnover and shrinking are two identical processes, which say that the productivity of a worker is difficult to measure as it permits workers to shrink. The expected effect of shrinking is that, a worker would not risk losing the premium wage. Gift exchange is a process, which contrasts with shrinking. Some organization pays their workers excess wages and in return they expects their workers will give them more effort (Keynes 2016). Importance of compensation and benefits for both employers and employees Compensating employees is an important part of work ethics as valuable and hardworking employees are assets of any company. However, the decision of compensation and benefits are important to attract and retain the right person for right place. The company should offer proper compensation to the employees as per the industry standards and similar to their co-workers. Otherwise, the employees feel neglected and starts looking for other options available in other companies. This situation is not preferable for any good employer wanted to grow their turnover (Sengupta et al. 2012). Nowadays, In Singapore, there are different array of trends for the compensation and benefits proposed for the employees. They are offered with free food, transport, healthcare, gym are among the common trends. However, the important one is offering senior employees company share, so that they can feel connected to the organization. Offering talented and hardworking employees with flexible working hour are on e of the biggest trend in the workplace nowadays. On the other hand, if the company fails to provide the hardworking, loyal and key workers with the compensation they demand for their contribution in the company, they start looking for jobs in the market. However, if their needs are met and they are values for being a part of the company, their job satisfaction increases and loyalty to the company grows as well. It increases their drive to work. Not only the monetary package, but the overall benefit package also enhances the caliber of the employee and through him/her that of the company as well (Odunlade 2012). Role of the managers: The managers are there to see that the systems are in such a way that no money of the organization is being wasted and the money is being used to secure the highest level of productivity. The ideal compensation management system pays the employees enough to keep them motivated, which will make them stay with the organization (Cherian and Jacob 2013). There are many psychological theories that say that good pay influences the behavior of the employees. The pay satisfaction is related to behaviors such as absenteeism, union activity and turnover. From the organizations perspective, the organizational procedure cannot have the effect they desire unless the compensation system of that organization is good. The design of the compensation system affects the employee motivation and can be used to improve safety, creativity and quality of other outcomes, which are critical for the success of the organization. Either the compensation system would increase the payroll costs to raise the salari es of every one of the employees or the same level of money can be distributed amongst the employees in a variety of ways. All the employees can be paid with compensations based on skill, competency, seniority and so on (Shields et al. 2015). The new talents can be drawn to the organizations based on the compensation. The managers of the company have to know how to attract good employees. The companies will also have to maintain a good benefits package to retain the employees (Mishra, Boynton and Mishra, 2014). To hire a new employee and to retain the good employee, the costs must be used to create a quality work environment. To be a good manager to the organization, the manager would have to listen to the employees in order to know about their motivation. This would further help the manager to modify and create the offer and benefits. To attract the quality applicants, the HR managers of the company have to be able to evaluate the companys ability to offer the new applicants attractive wages and benefits, such as health benefits. The base amount of the wage mostly attracts the job seekers. The reputation of the company is also a determinant about whether the company would be the first choice of the jobseekers. The HR man agers have to quote a fair wage while posting an advertisement for the job. The HR managers have to analysis the wages offered by the competitors, market trend and the employment level before posting for a job (Juhdi, Pa'wan and Hansaram 2013). It is evident that compensation matters to every employee. There are many stories about the issues and benefits the companies give. This makes the compensation system more interesting. The managers have to learn to evaluate the pronouncements about the incentives, which generally come down from the high. The managers often faces problem while evaluating the pronouncements, as they have to report the higher authority about that. The managers often work as a link between the common workers and the authority. It is often their job to interview the workers and to know what actually keeps them motivated. It is also a managers job to evaluate if the compensation given by the organization is enough for the workers (Alfes et al. 2013). Many companies offer incentive pay and annual bonuses based on the performance of the employees and the performance of that particular organization. The bonus and incentive offered by the company is very hard to budget far ahead if the company is new. The common type of compensation plans the companies offer for the employees: There are several types of compensation plans, which are used for the employees like pay for the working time, integrated benefit plans like medical care for the employees, which includes temporary disability benefit, survivor benefit, partial and permanent disability benefit, rehabilitation survivor benefit. Other benefits should include retirement plans and, nonretirement plans (Chung, Steenburgh and Sudhir 2013). Medical care: Providing the employees with a good medical care option always helps them to remain attracted for the employees. The offered medical care should includes those plans which would really help the employees such as care for work related injuries, permanent and partial benefit, survivor benefit and rehabilitation. Offering a good, healthcare option always lures new employees to stick to the job (Baxter et al. 2014). The state law covers these types of compensation plans. These laws are compulsory in 47 states and elective in three states. One of the laws, which cover the benefits of the common employees, is self-insurance coverage. This law is applicable in all 48 states and is compulsory for all the industrial employees, farm labors, housekeepers and casual employees. It is also compulsory for every public sector employees as well. Another law covers the occupational diseases the employees suffer from. This law covers only those diseases, which can arise out of the course of employment. This law does not cover the ordinary diseases such as influenza (Noe et al. 2014). Retirement plans: The employee stock ownership plans (ESOP) mainly transfer a part of company stock to a trust account for the benefit of the employees who are retiring. When an employee is retiring from his or her position from that organization, the company is bound to pay the employees the current value of the entire company stock purchased by the retiring employee during his or her tenure in that company. The organization also gives the employees the benefits of using the other retirement plans and profit sharing plans (Sonnega et al. 2014). The HR managers of the company are there to help the retiring employees to choose the type of the retirement plan, which might be better for them. To do this, the managers should have a detailed knowledge about all the retirement plans and the laws regarding financial laws and regulation. One tough problem the managers follow regarding this is they have to assess the allover performance of that employee in the organization and report it to the authority. Over this assessment, the company implies the retirement plan of the employee. Generally, this issue puts the managers into dilemma (Wiatrowski 2012). Non-Retirement plans: The employee stock option plans (ESO) helps the current employees of one organization to buy the stocks of the company for a limited number of years, per say 5 years or 10 years. This also a type of the compensation plan offered by the company for a limited number of years as the employee would be gaining from the whole program after the end of the mentioned number of years. The company generally allows the employees to buy their stock at discount and give the employees an immediate ownership rights (Bova, Dou and Hope 2015). The managers should have a detailed knowledge about ESO, and ESPP (employee stock purchase plan) options as they can help the employees to choose the right form of the plan. The managers should let the employees to know about the benefits of these plans, as it would provide the employees to have a large amount of money after a limited number of years (Spalt 2013). The ethical issues faced by the managers regarding compensation: The managers are responsible for the behaviors of the employee in that organization, be it ethical or unethical. The managers also have to make sure that, the staffs they hire are also ethical people who would contribute in the ethical workforce of that company. The managers will also have to ensure that, the people working there also receive training to be ethical. The ethics of an employee also depends on the manager as the manager trains the people to have ethical work culture. The good performance of an employee makes the company to motivate him or her to perform better. This leads the company to give the employee a good compensation as a reward (Berman et al. 2012). Sometimes a manager does not conduct the appraisal process fairly. Some research shows that, sometimes the managers does not appraise those employees with whom they does not get along or wants them to leave the firm. These managers ignore the accuracy of the compensation system and are dishonest. This is important for a manager to set up a fair standard in order to compensate the employees. A manager is also responsible for evaluating the performance of an employee and it is their task to reward the employee according to their performance. It is also the job of a manager to penalize the employees, who are conducting some unethical practices within the organization (Deresky 2017). It is also a job for a manager to determine the pay rates of the employee working in the organization. Generally, the company pays an employee either directly (through wages, incentives and benefits) or indirectly (through vacations and insurance). The direct wages are for every employees and the company exclusively rewards an employee through the indirect pay. It is the job of the managers to evaluate which employee is eligible for the pay or not. An honest and unbiased view of the managers is necessary for an unbiased evaluation. Generally, the employees like to have a combination of timely pay and incentives (Johnson 2017). The equity issues regarding compensation, which are faced by the managers: There are many theories of equity, which are applicable in the compensation system of any organization. One of those theories is motivational theory of equity, which states that the people are like to stay motivated in order to do good work. The equity theory explains that, when somebody does not have equity, he tries to perceive it. In order to perceive the equity he deserves, he becomes motivated, eliminates the drive, and perceives equity. Four types of equity issues generally face the managers (McEvoy and Buller 2013). External: This is regarding the equivalency of the pay rate in relation to the competitor organizations. Internal: The equivalency of pay rates in relation to the earnings of the co-workers of the same company. Individual: The equivalency of the pay rate to the other jobs of many competitor companies. Procedural: It relates to the fairness of processes needed to make decisions related to the compensations. The managers have to face all these issues regarding compensation and pay role. They can solve the issues by many different ways. Such as, the managers should monitor the salary structures of the other competitor companies in the market. The evaluation and analysis of the job techniques are the best way to maintain equity. The managers should follow the performance appraisal system to maintain the internal equity of the organization. The managers can ensure that the people working in the organization is ethical by taking to them and by conducting frequent surveys in the market which reflects the mindset of the employees about the pay plan. The managers need to find out about how satisfied the employees are with the pay plan by those surveys (Bell and Martin 2012). Fig: A fishtail flow chart showing the relation of the employee compensation with the four issues faced by a manager ( Liu 2016) Other issues faced by the managers: Evaluation of the dysfunctional behavior of the employees: The main issue about the motivational theory is that if this theory really changes the behavior. According to this theory, the compensation system is powerful in motivating the desired behavior. Some of the studies shows that good incentives and compensation system alters the desired behavior for the employees (Leary et al. 2013). There is an argument, which shows that the incentive and compensation system sometimes is not effective. The position proposes that when money and the desired behavior of the employee is related, the employees sometimes behaves dysfunctionally in order to obtain the desired money. A paper described an incident of a school in Atlanta, which states that, in order to get the desired incentives, the teachers, and the principal of that school tried to improvise the performance of the student like erasing the incorrect answer in the page and then putting the correct answer, in order to get the incentives. A paper offered a framework, which explains that the compensation system, which are given to enhance the performance of the employees, gives rise to a serious problem of workplace bullying (Boddy 2014). This leads to an important issue that the managers have to follow, which is to evaluate the dysfunctional behavior of the employees within the workplace. The managers of the organization have to follow the behavior of the employees closely in order to identify any dis-functionality. The manager should also talk to the employees in the grass root level in order to see if any of the employees are being bullied from the other employees. It is the work of the manager to understand the issues around the whole compensation system (Greaves, Zibarras and Stride 2013). Supporting the emotional stability of the employees: The performance of any of the company is dependent on the emotional stability of the employees. Providing the employees with the wages and salaries are not enough for the employees in todays world. It is amongst the task of the managers to see that if the people are satisfied with the wage or if they need anything else apart from the compensation to maintain their emotional stability (Kaplan et al. 2014). The managers are also has to be able to be the communication system between the employees and the management authority. The management of any company needs loyalty, cooperation, profits and commitments from the employees. The employees also need healthy work environment, career development, safety, security, and compensation from the management. The managers needs to balance between both the systems in order to see if the work environment is maintained and whether the management have been showering compensation and efficiency wages to the right employee (Albrecht et al. 2015). Conclusion: When a company hires an employee, they are interested in that job offer as per the pay. They also do market research to see if their pay is below the company standards. If they find out their normal pay-level is far below the company standards, they would feel discriminated. The managers are there to see if the company is providing the workers with enough wages. As well as the human resource team of the company are been hired to monitor human rights for employees are being followed or not. Therefore, the compensation and benefits of employee is the responsibility of the company and failing to protect it, the employees are forced to leave the company and look for better market options available. 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